b华兹华斯赏析

⑴ 谁能提供诗歌“She dwelt among the untrodden ways”的英文赏析

廉·华兹华斯（William
Wordsworth,1770-1850），英国19世纪浪漫主义诗歌的领袖人物，与其说是因为他的睿智而使其闻名于世、影响深远，不如说是他情感的力量使其让人印象深刻并为之倾倒，正如同时代的著名英国诗人、评论家马修·阿诺德在致华兹华斯的悼诗中所问的一样：“何处能在欧洲未来之岁月中，再度觅得华兹华斯的愈合才能？”
而华兹华斯有名的“露西组诗”之一的《她住在人迹罕到的路边》便通过传统的韵律、深切的感情、多样化的意象完美地呈现了他情感力量的巨大与深远。本文试从韵律、主题、艺术手法上入手，分析此诗以解读隐含在其中的更深一层的华兹华斯诗歌创作中情感力量的呈现方式。
《She dwelt among the untrodden ways》
She dwelt among the untrodden ways
Beside the springs of Dove,
A Maid whom there were none to praise
And very few to love:
A violet by a mossy stone
Half hidden from the eye!
Fair as a star,when only one
Is shining in the sky.
She lived unknown,and few could know
When Lucy ceased to be;
But she is in her grave,and,oh,
The difference to me!
《她住在人迹罕到的路边》
她住在人迹罕到的路边，
住在野鸽泉的近旁；
没有谁曾把这姑娘夸赞，
很少人曾把她爱上：
一朵半隐半现的紫罗兰，
开在长青苔的石旁!
美好得像颗星忽闪忽闪，
独一无二地挂天上。
活着时谁知道她在人间，
更有谁知道她夭亡；
但露西已在坟墓里长眠！
对我呀这太不一样！
（黄杲译）
一 由淳朴语言构建而成的谣曲
这首诗是现代诗坛公认的杰作，是威廉·华兹华斯于1799年发表的著名组诗《露西》中的第一首，描写的是一位普通的苏格兰少女。尽管她“美好得像颗星忽闪忽闪”，却生在“人迹罕到的路边”，既得不到人的赞美，也得不到人的怜爱；更可惜的是，她小小年纪便默默无闻地死去了。消息传来，令诗人感到震惊和痛苦。诗以朴素的语言平平写来，字里行间却渗透着浓浓的情意，真切感人。
在韵律上，此诗分为三节，采用具有英诗中古已有之的带有民歌风格的谣曲形式（四音步抑扬格与三音步抑扬格相间，为交叉韵“abab
cdcd
efef”），这些语言形式的特点也与诗中乡村姑娘露西的形象贴合得当、和谐统一。很多古时传下的著名谣曲（如《派屈克·司本斯爵士》）以及一些名家的作品（如罗伯特·彭斯的《一朵红红的玫瑰》）都以此格律写成。华兹华斯正是大量运用了这种诗体，使他的浪漫主义诗歌从当时的新古典主义诗歌中脱颖而出，并同英国诗坛上流行了一百多年的双韵体划清了界线，与他所极力反对的新古典主义的诗歌，特别是德莱顿、蒲柏和约翰逊等人的诗歌大相径庭。从上面的原作看，诗行排列似乎参差不齐，但事实上格律相当严整：单行都为四音步，每个音步多由前轻后重的两个音节构成；双行都为三音步，每个音步同样由前轻后重的两个音节构成；每个诗节中，第一与第三行押韵，第二与第四行另押一韵。也有部分尾韵属于眼韵，如“Dove”和“love”，“stone”和“one”。
这首诗歌体现出了华兹华斯语言上的创作理念。在语言上，他主张抛弃新古典主义时期典雅陈旧的词句，而采用日常生活中的用语，采用民间生动的语言，他说这是“一种更淳朴和有力的语言。”使用这种语言的人“表达情感和思想都很单纯而不矫揉造作”；他认为诗的韵律、节奏必须在很大程度上与口语的音调相吻合；他还强调诗人的想象力，认为想象可以“使日常的东西在不平常的状态下呈现在心灵面前”。
二 由微贱人们的生活筑起的情感
1800年，在为《抒情歌谣集》再版而写的序言中，华兹华斯主张不仅要写伟大的历史事件，更要写微贱人们的日常生活，因为在这种生活里“人的热情和自然的美以永久的形式合而为一”，而此首诗歌所描述的便是微贱人们的日常生活。
关于本诗所想表达的思想，评论不一。有人认为诗歌表达的是叙述者对露西热烈的爱，尽管其他人对露西的死活并不关心，但他却依旧爱她，爱她的美丽。她美好的品质将永存于他的记忆里；有人认为是诗人借此诗讲述他丰富的生活经验和对生活的深切感受，即他自己真实的爱恋和失去此爱的悲痛的经历；而关于露西的身份问题，批评家们做了各种推测，却终无定论。传统观点认为，露西即诗人的妹妹多萝西；还有人推断认为露西是安耐特·瓦隆——华兹华斯的女儿卡罗琳的母亲（诗人并未与之成婚）；也有人认为诗人幼时的伙伴也是后来的合法妻子玛丽·哈琴森是组诗中露西的生活原型；还有人认为诗中的露西并非特指某个具体的人，她实为一个理想的人物，是一个由华兹华斯的妹妹多萝西、安耐特及玛丽·哈琴森等生活原型合成的想象的理想美的典型。更有人认为，诗中的露西可能并不是诗人的爱人，也许是其朋友，更或者只是点头之交，只是它写出了诗人的至性深情。具体说来，诗人通过对一位美丽少女形象的刻画及其命运的叙述，以自己惜美、惜弱的同情心引起了读者的共鸣。一般说来，对于美的人或物，人们都希望能有美的境遇与之相匹配，不如此，便有一种错位之感。像这么一位美丽而孤弱的少女，人们多希望她能有好的境遇啊！可事实正相反。她的逝世就如同星星的陨落，这是多么令人惋惜的事！诗人通过言志抒情的艺术，重在表达情致，展示意境，使读者涵咏体味，感同身受。诗中的感伤气氛、对生命流逝的无奈心情和诗人哀怜的情绪，正是这种至性深情的自然流露，使诗句充满感染力，深受读者喜爱，魅力历久不衰。
三 自然的美和永恒的形式共筑的美诗
华兹华斯明确主张诗歌应以表现主观情感和心灵世界来取代摹仿客观事物，认为“所有的好诗都是强烈感情的自然漫溢”（the
spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings:it takes its origin from
emotion recollected in
tranquility），宣称诗歌的伟大主题都是“人心的基本情感”，“那些伟大而又朴实的情感”总是与“自然的美和永恒的形式”相互作用，并以一种“赤裸而朴实的”语言表达出来，而这种语言是用来“永恒地取悦于人类”。而此诗则从形式上呈现了诗人情感力量的巨大与深远。
从艺术手法上看，此诗似无技巧，实则浑然天成、不露痕迹。本诗极其短小，只有三节，共十二行。第二诗节的前两行与后两行之间看似毫无联系，甚至相互矛盾，实则环环相扣。第一诗节描述了一少女虽芳华正茂，然“谁曾把这姑娘夸赞，很少人曾把她爱上”；第二诗节中运用了两个截然相反的意象来描述露西，一是“一朵半隐半现的紫罗兰，开在长青苔的石旁！”；同时又是“美好得像颗星忽闪忽闪，独一无二地挂天上。”为更好地了解这两个意象的独具匠心，我们可以试着把第二诗节从整首诗中抽取出来观其效果。

⑵ 谁能提供William Wordsworth （华兹华斯）《水仙花》的英文赏析

Notes about this poem:
1. Wordsworth made use of the description in his sister's diary, as well as
of his memory of the daffodils in Gowbarrow Park, by Ullswater. Cf. Dorothy
Wordsworth's Journal, April 15, 1802: "I never saw daffodils so beautiful.
They grew among the mossy stones . . .; some rested their heads upon these
stones, as on a pillow for weariness; and the rest tossed and reeled and
danced, and seemed as if they verily laughed with the wind, that blew upon
them over the lake; they looked so gay, ever glancing, ever changing."

2. 'They flash upon that inward eye... ': Wordsworth said that these were
the two best lines in the poem and that they were composed by his wife.

Biography and Assessment:

Wordsworth was born in the Lake District of northern England[...]The
natural scenery of the English lakes could terrify as well as nurture, as
Wordsworth would later testify in the line "I grew up fostered alike by
beauty and by fear," but its generally benign aspect gave the growing boy
the confidence he articulated in one of his first important poems, "Lines
Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey . . . ," namely, "that Nature
never did betray the heart that loved her."
[...]
Wordsworth moved on in 1787 to St. John's College, Cambridge. Repelled by
the competitive pressures there, he elected to idle his way through the
university, persuaded that he "was not for that hour, nor for that place."
The most important thing he did in his college years was to devote his
summer vacation in 1790 to a long walking tour through revolutionary
France. There he was caught up in the passionate enthusiasm that followed
the fall of the Bastille, and became an ardent republican sympathizer.
[...]
The three or four years that followed his return to England were the
darkest of Wordsworth's life. Unprepared for any profession, rootless,
virtually penniless, bitterly hostile to his own country's opposition to
the French, he knocked about London in the company of radicals like
William Godwin and learned to feel a profound sympathy for the abandoned
mothers, beggars, children, vagrants, and victims of England's wars who
began to march through the sombre poems he began writing at this time.
This dark period ended in 1795, when a friend's legacy made possible
Wordsworth's reunion with his beloved sister Dorothy--the two were never
again to live apart--and their move in 1797 to Alfoxden House, near
Bristol. There Wordsworth became friends with a fellow poet, Samuel Taylor
Coleridge, and they formed a partnership that would change both poets'
lives and alter the course of English poetry.

[...]

Through all these years Wordsworth was assailed by vicious and tireless
critical attacks by contemptuous reviewers; no great poet has ever had to
enre worse. But finally, with the publication of The River Duddon in
1820, the tide began to turn, and by the mid-1830s his reputation had been
established with both critics and the reading public.

Wordsworth's last years were given over partly to "tinkering" his poems,
as the family called his compulsive and persistent habit of revising his
earlier poems through edition after edition. The Prelude, for instance,
went through four distinct manuscript versions (1798-99, 1805-06, 1818-20,
and 1832-39) and was published only after the poet's death in 1850. Most
readers find the earliest versions of The Prelude and other heavily
revised poems to be the best, but flashes of brilliance can appear in
revisions added when the poet was in his seventies.

Wordsworth succeeded his friend Robert Southey as Britain's poet laureate
in 1843 and held that post until his own death in 1850. Thereafter his
influence was felt throughout the rest of the 19th century, though he was
honoured more for his smaller poems, as singled out by the Victorian
critic Matthew Arnold, than for his masterpiece, The Prelude. In the 20th
century his reputation was strengthened both by recognition of his
importance in the Romantic movement and by an appreciation of the darker
elements in his personality and verse.

William Wordsworth was the central figure in the English Romantic
revolution in poetry. His contribution to it was threefold. First, he
formulated in his poems and his essays a new attitude toward nature. This
was more than a matter of introcing nature imagery into his verse; it
amounted to a fresh view of the organic relation between man and the
natural world, and it culminated in metaphors of a wedding between nature
and the human mind, and beyond that, in the sweeping metaphor of nature as
emblematic of the mind of God, a mind that "feeds upon infinity" and
"broods over the dark abyss." Second, Wordsworth probed deeply into his
own sensibility as he traced, in his finest poem, The Prelude, the "growth
of a poet's mind." The Prelude was in fact the first long autobiographical
poem. Writing it in a drawn-out process of self-exploration, Wordsworth
worked his way toward a modern psychological understanding of his own
nature, and thus more broadly of human nature. Third, Wordsworth placed
poetry at the centre of human experience; in impassioned rhetoric he
pronounced poetry to be nothing less than "the first and last of all
knowledge--it is as immortal as the heart of man," and he then went on to
create some of the greatest English poetry of his century. It is probably
safe to say that by the late 20th century he stood in critical estimation
where Coleridge and Arnold had originally placed him, next to John
Milton--who stands, of course, next to William Shakespeare.

Some comments:

1.We often go through life as if we were unconscious of what is going on
around us - like clouds. We notice many things some of which are beautiful
and some ordinary. But being distracted - not poets, who would naturally
notice and be gay at the sight - we fail to be lifted by the simple but
awesome beauty that surrounds us. WW was not being a poet at the time and
so he "little thought what wealth to him the show had wrought." He was
forced to try to re-experience it from memory - his inward eye - in order to
fill his heart with the pleasure he missed when he actually saw the daffodils.

To me, the poem serves as a reminder that our happiness is best served if we
live our lives as poets and notice the simple beauty that nature gives us
daily. Where ordinary people see flowers, the poet sees stars, dancers,
happy celebrations of nature's miracles and is pleasured. Live as a
poet!!!!!

2.I always thought
of the poem as a simple poem of yellow gay springtime. Having really
looked at the poem something clicked and I have a profound understanding
that I had overlooked -

The word 'DANCE' is in every stanza - Dance the cosmic creative energy
that transforms space into time, is the rhythm of the universe. Round
dancing, was a dance that imitated the sun's course in the heavens and
enclosed a sacred space. The round, yellow, golden cups of the daffodil
can easily symbolize the sun, the sacred sun of incorruptibile wisdom,
superior and noble.

Dancing as the Dance of Siva is the eternal movement of the universe the
'play' of creatio, or the 'fluttering' frenzy emotional chaos of
Dionysian/Bacchic.

The stars, messengers of the gods, the eyes of night, and hope, toss
their 'head,' the seat of both our intelligence and folly, honor and
dishonor.

Lying on a couch in a vacant pensive mood could easily be a way to
discribe a meditative state where the forces of the universe and our
connection with the ceaseless movement, the ebb and flow of life as a
wave dances could be pondered.

That last line "And dances with the Daffodils." could it be the dance of
angels round the throne of God. If this is a poem of the cycle of
existence and the circling of the sun/God of course what wealth and
glee.

3.A poem can stir all of the senses, and the subject matter of a poem can range from being funny to being sad.